SOURCES · TRANSPARENT BY DESIGN

Every URL we use to fetch data.

Lifemap exists to make UK public-data inequalities easier to read, not to add another layer between you and the source. Every figure on the site comes from one of the URLs below. Anything not derivable from these is not on Lifemap.

Last verified · 5 July 2026 Updates rolling All under Open Government Licence v3.0 unless noted
§ 01 · Life expectancy

ONS — Life expectancy for local areas of the UK

Period life expectancy at birth and at age 65, by sex, for every UK upper-tier local authority. The pipeline scrapes the landing page each month for the current XLSX filename (it rotates between releases) rather than hardcoding it.

§ 02 · Healthy life expectancy

ONS — Health state life expectancy, all ages, UK 2022–2024

Healthy life expectancy at birth, by sex, for every UK upper-tier local authority — English UTLAs, Scottish councils, Welsh principal areas and NI districts alike. The February 2026 release of this dataset resumed LA-level publication (latest period 2022 to 2024) and is now Lifemap's primary HLE source, replacing both the frozen 2016–18 workbook and the Fingertips-first arrangement described here previously. OHID Fingertips indicator 90362 remains as a gap-filler only: it backfills English cells the workbook leaves null and never overrides a workbook value.

  • Landing
    ons.gov.uk/.../healthstatelifeexpectancyallagesukworking

    The pipeline scrapes this landing page for the live XLSX on every run (filenames rotate between releases). Latest period selected: 2022 to 2024.

  • Gap-filler
    Fingertips indicator 90362working

    Used only to fill English UTLA cells the ONS workbook leaves null. English LTLAs (164 districts) carry no HLE — it isn't published at district level, so districts surface the parent-county HLE via the UI county-adjacency block rather than copying it into the data file.

§ 03 · HLE by deprivation

ONS — Healthy life expectancy by national area deprivation

National-level HLE broken down by IMD decile (England) or WIMD quintile (Wales). Released 15 April 2026 — the freshest source on the site. Powers the "deprivation lens" chart on the homepage.

§ 04 · Lifestyle indicators (England)

OHID Fingertips API working

Smoking, obesity, physical activity, 5-a-day and HLE at upper-tier AND lower-tier local authority level. Indicator IDs are resolved by name search, not hardcoded, so the dataset survives indicator renumbering. The full API documentation lists every endpoint.

  • Bulk CSV (UTLA)
    /api/all_data/csv/for_one_indicator?indicator_id=…&parent_area_type_id=15&child_area_type_id=502working

    Post-April-2023 upper-tier authority boundaries. Used for all 6 lifestyle indicators including drinking (UTLA-only).

  • Bulk CSV (LTLA)
    /api/all_data/csv/for_one_indicator?indicator_id=…&parent_area_type_id=15&child_area_type_id=501working

    Added 2026-04-25. Post-April-2023 lower-tier district boundaries. Used for the 4 lifestyle indicators that publish at district level (smoking, obesity, physical activity, 5-a-day). Indicator 92778 (higher-risk drinking) does NOT publish at LTLA — districts inherit county-level value as labelled UI adjacency, not as data.

  • Indicator search
    /api/indicator_search?search_text=…working

    Returns dict-of-int-lists keyed by area-type-id. Pipeline uses this to resolve indicator IDs by name so renumbering doesn't break the build.

  • Indicator metadata
    /api/indicator_metadata/by_indicator_id?indicator_ids=…working

    Indicator names + data-source attribution. Validates resolved IDs against expected keywords.

  • Indicators in use
    resolved

    92443 (smoking, APS self-reported 18+, period 2024 — switched from GP-recorded QOF 91547 on 2026-07-05 so all three nations' smoking figures are survey-based), 93088 (overweight incl. obesity, 2024/25), 93014 (physical activity, 2024/25), 93982 (5-a-day, 2024/25) — fetched at both UTLA (502) and LTLA (501) so each district carries its own value. One district (Ribble Valley) has no APS smoking estimate and carries null rather than a substituted value. 90362 (HLE gap-filler, 2022-24) and 92778 (higher-risk drinking, >14u/wk above-guideline, HSE 2015-2018 pooled) — UTLA-only by upstream design.

  • LAD→CTY lookup
    ONS Open Geography Portal — LAD24 to CTYUA24 (Dec 2024)working

    The pipeline downloads this CSV and stamps parent_utla_slug on each E07 record. The frontend uses it to display the parent county's HLE and drinking figures alongside a district lookup, clearly labelled as the county's value, never as the district's.

§ 05 · Lifestyle indicators (Scotland)

Scottish Government — Surveys + Health Survey LA results

Scotland is not in Fingertips. Smoking comes from the Scottish Surveys Core Questions 2023. The other lifestyle indicators are sourced from the SHeS council-area dashboard (32/32 councils each; rank-data CSV downloaded 2026-07-04). Overweight-incl.-obesity, higher-risk drinking and physical activity use the 2021-2024 4-year pool from the SHeS 2024 dashboard refresh. 5-a-day fruit-and-veg still uses the 2016-2019 pool — the dashboard publishes no later window for this indicator because the SHeS interview-mode change during COVID broke comparability with face-to-face years (re-checked 2026-07-04).

  • SSCQ 2023
    gov.scot/publications/scottish-surveys-core-questions-2023working

    Released 27 March 2025. Pooled SHS+SHeS+SCJS, n≈19,700, council-area level. 32/32 Scottish councils. Used for smoking only.

  • SSCQ tables
  • SHeS dashboard
    scotland.shinyapps.io/sg-scottish-health-surveyscraped 2026-04-25

    Four indicators from the dashboard's Data-tab rank CSV (downloaded 2026-07-04), 32/32 councils each: overweight incl. obesity (BMI ≥ 25, self-reported, 16+, 2021-2024 4-yr pool — switched from the earlier BMI ≥ 30 "obesity" series so the column now matches England's Fingertips 93088 and Wales's NSW definition), higher-risk drinking (Hazardous/Harmful drinker, >14u/wk — same threshold as Fingertips 92778, 2021-2024), physical activity (meets CMO 150 min/wk MVPA — same threshold as Fingertips 93014, 2021-2024), and 5-a-day fruit-and-veg (5+ portions, 2016-2019 pool — still the newest window published for this indicator). Integer-rounded as published; 95% CI bounds preserved in the raw download.

§ 06 · Lifestyle indicators (Wales)

PHW Public Health Outcomes Framework (NSW-derived) + NSW 2019–20 for weight UK CMO definitions

Four indicators — smoking, higher-risk drinking, physical activity and 5-a-day — come from Public Health Wales's Public Health Outcomes Framework (accredited official statistics, derived from the National Survey for Wales), period 2021/22–2022/23 pooled, all 22 principal areas. Definitions match the UK CMO thresholds used for England and Scotland: >14 u/wk drinking, 150 min/wk MVPA, current smoker, 5+ portions. One disclosed measure-basis difference: PHOF publishes these as age-standardised percentages, whereas England (Fingertips) and Scotland (SHeS) values are crude prevalence — typically a difference of a point or two. Overweight-incl.-obesity stays on NSW 2019-20 (crude, BMI ≥ 25) because PHOF publishes no all-adult weight measure.

  • PHOF tool
    publichealthwales.shinyapps.io/PHOF_Dashboard_Engdownloaded 2026-07-05

    “Full data download” workbook, Table 3 (Ways of living that improve health): Adults who smoke, Adults drinking above guidelines, Adults meeting physical activity guidelines, Adults eating five fruit or vegetable portions a day — Local Authority × Persons × Total, age-standardised, 2021/22-2022/23. Framework home.

  • StatsWales hlth5002
    web.archive.org/.../statswales.gov.wales/.../adultlifestyles-by-localauthority-healthboardWayback only — weight column

    Still the source for overweight-incl.-obesity (BMI ≥ 25, 2018-19/2019-20 pool). Live URL retired in the 2025 StatsWales → stats.gov.wales migration; the adult-lifestyles cube has not yet been migrated to the new platform (checked 2026-07-05).

  • Definition note
    All five indicators use UK CMO definitions. Drinking: >14 u/wk above guideline (matches Fingertips 92778). Physical activity: ≥150 min/wk MVPA (matches Fingertips 93014). Weight: BMI ≥ 25 overweight or obese (matches Fingertips 93088 and Scotland's SHeS). Smoking: current smoker, self-reported (matches Fingertips 92443 APS). 5-a-day: 5+ portions previous day (matches Fingertips 93982). Welsh smoking/drinking/activity/5-a-day are age-standardised (PHOF basis); the weight column is 2019-20 and date-flagged.
§ 07 · Lifestyle indicators (Northern Ireland)

Health Survey Northern Ireland — HSC Trust level UI adjacency

Adult lifestyle prevalence is published only at HSC Trust level (5 trusts), never at LGD2014 council level (11 districts) — per-LGD samples are too small for stable estimates. The five lifestyle fields stay null on the 11 NI LGD records; the frontend surfaces the parent Trust's value as a labelled UI adjacency block, never copied into the LGD record itself. Same editorial principle as the English district → county adjacency (§ 04).

  • HSNI 2024/25
    health-ni.gov.uk/.../health-survey-northern-ireland-first-results-202425working

    First results released November 2025. ~4,000 NI adults sampled annually. Latest periods: smoking 2023/24, obesity 2023/24, physical activity 2023/24, 5-a-day 2023/24. Drinking 2022/23 (question not asked in 2023/24).

  • HSNI Trend Tables (XLSX)
    health-ni.gov.uk/.../hsni-trend-tables-24-25.xlsxworking

    1.1 MB. 31 sheets. The "by Health & Social Care Trust" sections in each indicator sheet carry the 5-trust × multi-period series Lifemap uses.

  • LGD2014 → HSC Trust map
    nisra.gov.uk/.../maps-...-trust-and-local-government-districtsworking

    Trust catchment areas pre-date the 2015 LGD2014 reorganisation; most LGDs map cleanly to one Trust, but two straddle two Trusts: Mid Ulster (Northern + Southern) and Newry, Mourne and Down (South Eastern + Southern). Both Trust figures are surfaced for these two LGDs with a footnote.

  • Sources we ruled out
    not LGD-level

    Verified that no UK statistical body publishes adult lifestyle prevalence at NI LGD2014 council level: NISRA Continuous Household Survey (NI total only, retired 2009/10); Sport NI Active Lifestyles Survey 2024/25 (LGD-level but sport participation only, not CMO 150 min/wk MVPA — not comparable); HSCIMS Health Inequalities Annual Report (LGD sheets cover mortality + child obesity only, no adult lifestyle); Census 2021 (general health only); APS (UK regions only).

  • Definition note
    HSNI definitions vs Lifemap columns: obesity uses BMI ≥ 30 (narrower than the BMI ≥ 25 now used by England, Wales and Scotland — the only remaining threshold mismatch on the site); higher-risk drinking uses HSNI "increased + higher risk" combined = >14 u/wk above guideline (matches Fingertips 92778); physical activity uses CMO 150 min/wk MVPA (matches Fingertips 93014); smoking uses current smoker, self-reported (matches Fingertips 92443 APS); 5-a-day uses 5+ portions previous day (matches Fingertips 93982). All adults 16+ except activity (19+).
§ 08 · Postcode → admin_district

Postcodes.io

Public, fast, no-API-key UK postcode service. Powers the front-end's postcode entry — your postcode is sent here, the response carries the admin_district name, the front-end slugifies it and looks up the dataset. Nothing about your postcode is stored on Lifemap.

§ 09 · UK boundary polygons

ONS Open Geography Portal

The choropleth map uses December 2024 upper-tier local authority polygons in the BUC (Buffered Ultra Coarse) simplification. 218 polygons, ~458 KB after coordinate rounding to 4 decimal places (~11 m precision). Properties stripped to ctyua24cd + ctyua24nm only.

§ 10 · Lifemap-derived

Files Lifemap publishes itself

Built from the upstream sources above. All under Open Government Licence v3.0; the wrapper code is MIT.

  • Master JSON
    /uk_la_data.jsonworking

    380 UK council records (151 English UTLAs, 164 English districts, 32 Scottish councils, 22 Welsh principal areas, 11 NI districts). _meta.lifestyle_sources documents per-country provenance. _meta.resolved_indicators records the Fingertips IDs in use at last build time so drift is auditable. _meta.country_totals holds country aggregates separately.

  • Deprivation
    /data/hle-by-deprivation.jsonworking

    The April-2026 ONS HLE-by-deprivation series, parsed and trimmed for the homepage chart.

  • UTLA boundaries
    /data/utla-simplified.geojsonworking

    December 2024 ONS boundaries, simplified.

  • Press kit
    /press/lifemap-press-kit.pdfworking

    10-page brief for journalists. Built from press/press-kit.md via WeasyPrint.

  • Per-area pages
    /area/ · /area/westminster/ · /area/glasgow-city/working

    380 indexable landing pages — one per UK council record. Each carries its own <title>, meta description, canonical URL, og:image and Place JSON-LD. E07 districts include the parent-county adjacency block. Generated at deploy time by scripts/build-area-pages.py.

  • OG share images
    /og/area-<slug>.pngworking

    1200×630 social-share PNG per area, generated at deploy time by scripts/generate-area-og-images. ~32–50 KB each. HLE-null records fall back to LE.

  • Pipeline source
    github.com/visata/lifemap/build_dataset.pyworking

    Single Python script that turns all upstream sources above into uk_la_data.json. Re-run with python3 build_dataset.py. See /methodology/ for the full walk-through.

§ 11 · Verify any number for any postcode

Four steps

  1. Postcode → admin district (§ 08): curl -s 'https://api.postcodes.io/postcodes/FY12AA' | python3 -m json.tool
  2. Read the area record from the dataset (§ 10): curl -s 'https://lifemap.org.uk/uk_la_data.json' | python3 -c "import sys, json; print(json.dumps(json.load(sys.stdin)['blackpool'], indent=2))"
  3. Cross-check LE (§ 01): open the latest XLSX, find the area code, compare the value against what the dataset shows.
  4. Cross-check HLE / lifestyle: HLE per § 02, lifestyle per § 04–07 depending on the area's nation. _meta.lifestyle_sources in the dataset documents which row applies.
  5. Visual cross-check: open https://lifemap.org.uk/area/<slug>/ for the area — every value rendered there ties back to the same JSON record. The area directory lists all 380 council records.